OpenStack

Introduction

OpenStack is a set of open-source software components that provide a framework for creating and managing cloud computing platforms. It allows organizations to deploy and manage compute, storage, and networking resources in a scalable, on-demand infrastructure.

Core Services

Service	Project Name	Description
Compute	Nova	Manages virtual machines and bare metal servers
Networking	Neutron	Provides networking-as-a-service (SDN)
Block Storage	Cinder	Persistent block storage for instances
Object Storage	Swift	Distributed, eventually consistent object store
Identity	Keystone	Authentication, authorization, and service catalog
Image	Glance	Stores and retrieves virtual machine images
Dashboard	Horizon	Web-based UI for managing OpenStack services
Orchestration	Heat	Template-based infrastructure orchestration

Architecture

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    Horizon (Dashboard)           │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  Keystone │  Nova  │ Neutron │ Cinder │ Glance  │
│ (Identity)│(Compute)│(Network)│(Block) │(Image)  │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│            Message Queue (RabbitMQ)              │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│            Database (MySQL/MariaDB)              │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│        Hypervisor (KVM / Xen / VMware)          │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Deploy

DevStack (Development)

DevStack is the quickest way to get a development environment running:

# Create stack user
sudo useradd -s /bin/bash -d /opt/stack -m stack
echo "stack ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" | sudo tee /etc/sudoers.d/stack
sudo su - stack

# Clone DevStack
git clone https://opendev.org/openstack/devstack
cd devstack

# Create local.conf
cat > local.conf << 'EOF'
[[local|localrc]]
ADMIN_PASSWORD=secret
DATABASE_PASSWORD=$ADMIN_PASSWORD
RABBIT_PASSWORD=$ADMIN_PASSWORD
SERVICE_PASSWORD=$ADMIN_PASSWORD
HOST_IP=10.0.0.1
EOF

# Run the installer
./stack.sh
# Horizon dashboard available at http://HOST_IP/dashboard

CLI Operations

# Install OpenStack CLI
pip install python-openstackclient

# Source credentials
source openrc admin admin

# Compute operations
openstack server list
openstack server create --flavor m1.small --image ubuntu-22.04 \
  --network private --key-name mykey my-instance

# Network operations
openstack network create my-network
openstack subnet create --network my-network --subnet-range 10.0.0.0/24 my-subnet
openstack router create my-router

# Image operations
openstack image list
openstack image create --file ubuntu-22.04.qcow2 --disk-format qcow2 ubuntu-22.04

# Volume operations
openstack volume create --size 10 my-volume
openstack server add volume my-instance my-volume

Reference:

1. Official Website
2. Repository
3. DevStack